The S100 proteins are a family of low-molecular-weight proteins found in vertebrates and characterized by two calcium-binding sites that have helix-loop-helix ("EF-hand type") conformation. There are at least 21 different S100 proteins. They are encoded by a family of genes whose symbols use the S100 prefix, for example, S100A1, S100A2, S100A3.
They are also considered as Damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) and knockdown of AHR downregulates the expression of S100 proteins in THP-1 cells.

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